Petrogenesis of the early Cretaceous Jilong granodiorite porphyry in the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, Xizang, China: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry
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摘要:
班公湖-怒江成矿带西段的龙荣地区，发育有吉龙、龙荣、双岔河等众多早白垩世成矿岩体。吉龙岩体位于龙荣地区中部，由黑云母花岗闪长斑岩和黑云母花岗闪长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示，花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(116.4±0.7)Ma （MSWD = 1.07），表明岩体形成于早白垩世。花岗闪长斑岩全岩地球化学特征为：具有较高的SiO2（63.66%～65.24%）、Al2O3（14.23%～16.21%）、MgO（2.32%～2.53%）含量，较低的P2O5（0.24%～0.26%）、TiO2（0.53%～0.61%）含量，里特曼指数（σ43）为0.86～1.47，铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.98～1.12，分异系数（DI）为63～68，富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、K），亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti），相对于Rb和Th亏损Ba，Eu负异常（δEu = 0.37～0.58）。总体上，花岗闪长斑岩为钙碱性I型花岗岩，具有典型岛弧型岩浆岩的特征。花岗闪长斑岩具有不均一的锆石Hf同位素组成（εHf(t)= －15.7～－6.8），二阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM2）为2.2～1.6 Ga，具有较低的全岩锆石饱和温度（TZr = 782～790℃）和锆石Ti饱和温度（TTi = 603～772℃），Mg#值为49.38～55.96，表现出壳幔混合的特征。研究揭示，吉龙花岗闪长斑岩是古元古代地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆与少量俯冲流体交代的幔源岩浆混合的产物，早白垩世晚期（120～110 Ma）向北俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋板片的折返可能是其成岩作用的主要动力学机制。
Abstract:Various Early Cretaceous metallogenic intrusions, such as Jilong, Longrong, and Shuangchahe, develop in the Longrong region, western section of the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt. The Jilong intrusion lies in the middle of the Longrong region, consisting of biotite granodiorite porphyry and biotite granodiorite. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the zircon U-Pb age of the granodiorite porphyry is (116.4±0.7) Ma (MSWD = 1.07), suggesting that the Jilong intrusion formed during the Early Cretaceous epoch. The whole-rock geochemical characteristics of the granodiorite porphyry exhibit high contents of SiO2 (63.66%～65.24%), Al2O3 (14.23%～16.21%), and MgO (2.32%～2.53%), with low contents of P2O5 (0.24%～0.26%) and TiO2 (0.53%～0.61%). The rocks have a Rittmann index (σ43) ranging from 0.86 to 1.47, an aluminum saturation index (A/CNK) from 0.98 to 1.12, and a coefficient of differentiation (DI) from 63 to 68. They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Rb and K, depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. They are also depleted in Ba relative to Rb and Th, with a negative Eu anomaly (δEu = 0.37～0.58). Generally, the granodiorite porphyry is a calc-alkaline arc I-type granitoid with typical island arc magmatite characteristics. It exhibits heterogeneous zircon Hf isotopic compositions (εHf(t)= －15.7～－6.8) with a two-stage Hf model age (tDM2) ranging from 2.2 Ga to 1.6 Ga. Both the whole-rock zircon saturation temperatures (TZr = 782～790℃) and the zircon Ti saturation temperatures (TTi = 603～772℃) are low, with Mg# values ranging from 49.38 to 55.96, presenting characteristics of crust-mantle mixing. It is concluded that Jilong porphyry is the product of mixing felsic magma which forms through the partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic crust, with a small amount of mantle-derived magma under the metasomatism of subduction-related fluids. The inversion of the northward subduction slabs of Bangong Co-Nujiang Tethys in the Early Cretaceous epoch (120～110 Ma) may be the primary dynamic mechanism.
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置及地质图
a. 西藏地区构造图（Cao et al., 2016）；b. 班公湖-怒江缝合带构造图（Liu et al., 2018）；c. 龙荣地区地质图（据西藏自治区地质调查院，2015修改）
Figure 1. Geotectonic location and geologic map of the study area
a. Tectonic map of Xizang (modified from Cao et al., 2016); b. Tectonic map of Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone (modified from Liu et al., 2018); c. Geologic map of Longrong area (modified from Tibet institute of geological survey, 2015)
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图 2 吉龙岩石野外及镜下照片
a. 斑岩中的铜矿化；b. 黑云花岗闪长斑岩（手标本）；c. 斑岩中的石英脉（手标本）；d. 花岗岩中的暗色包体； e. 黑云母花岗闪长斑岩（正交偏光）；f. 斑岩中的石英脉（正交偏光）。Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Bt—黑云母；Ser—绢云母
Figure 2. Field photos and micrographs of the rocks from Jilong
a. Copper mineralization in the porphyry; b. Biotite granodiorite porphyry (hand specimen)；c. The quartz veins in the porphyry (hand specimen); d. The mafic microgranular enclaves in the granite; e. Biotite granodiorite porphyry (crossed polarized light); f. The quartz vein in the porphyry (crossed polarized light). Q—Quartz; Pl—Plagioclase; Bt—Biotite; Ser—sericite
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图 3 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩锆石锆石阴极发光图像(a)和锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(b)
Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence images of zircon grains (a) and zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (b) for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
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图 4 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩锆石U–Th图解（a）、稀土元素配分图解（b）和锆石结晶条件判别图解（c）（底图据Grimes et al., 2007）
Figure 4. U vs. Th diagram (a), chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagram (b), and discriminant diagram with different crystallization setting zircon fields (c) of zircons for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong (base map after Grimes et al., 2007)
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图 6 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩TAS图解、K2O–SiO2图解、A/NK–A/CNK图解
数据来源同图5
Figure 6. TAS, K2O vs. SiO2, and A/NK vs. A/CNK diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
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图 7 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)图解(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized REE (a) and primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns (b) for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong (the normalizing values for REE and trace elements, after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
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图 8 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩I–S–M–A型花岗岩判别图解（a、b，据Whalen et al., 1987；c，据Chappell, 1999）
Figure 8. I-, S-, M-, and A-type granite discrimination diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong (a and b, after Whalen et al., 1987; c, after Chappell, 1999)
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图 9 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩(87Sr/86Sr)i–SiO2和Nb/Ta–La/Yb图解
Figure 9. (87Sr/86Sr)i vs. SiO2 and Nb/Ta vs. La/Yb diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
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图 10 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩MgO–SiO2、TFeO–SiO2和δEu–SiO2图解
Figure 10. MgO vs. SiO2, TFeO vs. SiO2, and δEu vs. SiO2 diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
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图 11 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩La/Sm–La、La/Yb–La和Ce/Zr–Ce图解
Figure 11. La/Sm vs. La, La/Yb vs. La, and Ce/Zr vs. Ce diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
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图 12 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩(Hf/Sm)N–(Ta/La)N和Nb/U–(87Sr/86Sr)i图解
俯冲流体/熔体交代及碳酸岩熔体交代区据 La Flèche et al., 1998；DM据McCulloch and Bennett, 1994；HIMU据Chauvel et al., 1992；多龙数据引自林彬等，2019
Figure 12. (Hf/Sm)N vs. (Ta/La)N and Nb/U vs. (87Sr/86Sr)i diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong
The fields for subduction metasomatism and carbonatite metasomatism are from La Flèche et al., 1998; for DM, from McCulloch and Bennett, 1994; and for HIMU, from Chauvel et al., 1992; the data of Duolong, after Lin et al., 2019
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图 13 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩构造环境判别图（a，据Defant and Drummond, 1990；b，据Pearce et al., 1984）
冈底斯、多龙斑岩数据据林彬等，2019
Figure 13. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong (a, base map after Defant and Drummond, 1990; b, base map after Pearce et al., 1984)
The data of Duolong and Gangdese are after Lin et al., 2019
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图 14 吉龙花岗闪长斑岩构造演化模式图（a，据Zhu et al., 2016; 刘洪等，2022修改；b，据Zhu et al., 2016; 林彬等，2019修改）
Figure 14. Tectonic evolution model for the granodiorite porphyry of Jilong (a, modified after Zhu et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2022; b, modified after Zhu et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2019)
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