Composition and tectonic significance of Jitang metamorphic core complex in eastern Xizang
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摘要:
吉塘变质核杂岩是研究北澜沧江缝合带构造演化过程的重要窗口。本文通过对吉塘变质核杂岩进行构造岩性填图、构造解析及锆石U-Pb测年，将变质核杂岩自上而下解析为沉积盖层、韧性流变层及核部变质杂岩的“三元结构”，核部变质杂岩与韧性流变层之间以韧性拆离带相连，拆离带具有上盘向南东方向剪切的运动学特征。吉塘变质核杂岩中同剪切花岗质糜棱岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(33.0±1.2) Ma～(28.4±0.6) Ma，剪切后脉体的锆石U-Pb年龄为(18.35±1.2) Ma。综合以上研究结果，推测吉塘变质核杂岩新生代的隆升过程为：强烈的走滑断层活动形成了拉分盆地，其伸展环境使地壳减薄，大量岩浆上涌，最终导致了吉塘变质核杂岩于渐新世—中新世的隆升。吉塘变质核杂岩为渐新世—中新世大型走滑断层作用导致的区域性造山后伸展及大规模南东向逃逸构造事件的产物。
Abstract:The Jitang metamorphic core complex is a key window for studying the tectonic evolution of the northern Lancangjiang zone. In this paper, through the study of structural lithology mapping, structural analysis, and zircon U-Pb dating, the Jitang metamorphic core complex is dissected from top to bottom into the upper unit (low-grade metamorphic or unmetamorphic sedimentary sequence), the middle unit (schists and phyllites) , and the lower unit (gneiss core). The lower unit (gneiss core) and the middle unit are connected by a ductile detachment shear zone, with the shear sense of the ductile shear zones indicating southeastern shearing of the upper plate. The zircon U-Pb age of syn-tectonic granitic mylonite in the Jitang metamorphic core complex ranges from (33.0±1.2) Ma to (28.4±0.6) Ma, and that of the post-tectonic vein is (18.35±1.2) Ma. It is speculated that the Cenozoic uplift process of the Jitang metamorphic core complex is as follows: strong strike-slip fault activity leads to the formation of a pull-apart basin, whose extensional environment leads to crustal thinning and a large amount of magma upwelling. Finally, this process resulted in the uplift of the Jitang metamorphic core complex during the Oligocene-Miocene. It is concluded that the Jitang metamorphic core complex is the product of a regional post-orogenic extension and a large-scale south-east trending escape tectonic event caused by the Oligocene-Miocene large-scale strike-slip faulting.
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图 1 区域大地构造简图（a）与青藏高原—三江地区构造单元图解（b）（修改自陈奇等，2019；Zhu et al., 2013）
Figure 1. Regional tectonic schematic map of the study area (a) and Qingzang (Tibet) Plateau-Sanjiang area tectonic sketch (b) (modified from Chen et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2013)
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图 2 研究区地质图（修改自潘桂棠等，2004）
Figure 2. Geological map of the study area (modified from Pan et al., 2004)
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图 4 锅雪普剖面中千枚岩及折叠层变形特征
a. 沉积盖层石英砂岩中的低角度正断层；b. 板岩顶部完整断层带；c. 板岩顶部断层破碎带；d. 千枚岩中发育的褶皱；e. 千枚岩中发育的平卧剪切褶皱；f. 片岩中发育的平卧剪切褶皱
Figure 4. Deformation characteristics of phyllite and the flattening fold part in Guoxuepu section
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图 5 滨达乡韧性剪切带面理及线理特征
a. 滨达乡糜棱岩叶理面特征；b. 发育于滨达乡糜棱面理之上的矿物拉伸线理；c. 被后期褶皱叠加的糜棱面理；d. 展平之后的糜棱面理；e. 展平之后的矿物拉伸线理产状
Figure 5. The characteristics of foliation and lineation of the Bindaxiang ductile shear zone
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图 6 若巴乡韧性剪切带面理及线理特征
a. 若巴乡初糜棱岩叶理面特征；b. 发育于若巴乡初糜棱面理之上的矿物拉伸线理；c. 第一组糜棱面理及矿物拉伸线理产状；d. 第一组矿物拉伸线理展平产状；e. 第二组糜棱面理及矿物拉伸线理产状；f. 第二组矿物拉伸线理展平产状
Figure 6. The characteristics of foliation and lineation of the Ruobaxiang ductile shear zone
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图 7 锅雪普韧性剪切带面理及线理特征
a. 锅雪普长英质初糜棱岩叶理面特征；b. 发育于滨达乡糜棱面理之上的矿物拉伸线理；c. 糜棱面理及矿物拉伸线理产状；d. 矿物拉伸线理展平产状
Figure 7. The characteristics of foliation and lineation of the Guoxuepu ductile shear zone
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图 8 运动学指示标志的宏观特征
a. “σ”型旋转碎斑；b. “δ”型旋转碎斑；c. S-C组构；d. 不对称长英质条带；e. 斜长石“矿物鱼”；f. 长英质脉体不对称褶皱
Figure 8. The outcrop-scale characteristics of shear sense indicators
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图 9 运动学指示标志的显微特征
a. 糜棱岩化二云二长片麻岩中S-C组构；b. 初糜棱岩长石左行旋转碎斑；c. 花岗质糜棱岩中的斜长石旋转碎斑；d. 花岗质糜棱岩中的R剪切破裂；e. 糜棱岩化二云二长片麻岩的云母鱼；f. 花岗质糜棱岩中的斜长石书斜构造。Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Mus—白云母；Bi—黑云母。a、c为单偏光照片，b、d、e、f为正交偏光照片
Figure 9. The micro-scale characteristics of shear sense indicators
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图 10 锆石U-Pb测年样品特征及采样位置
a. 花岗质糜棱岩露头特征；b. 花岗质糜棱岩采样位置（图a的素描图）；c. 花岗质糜棱岩显微特征（正交偏光）；d. 长英质脉体露头特征；e. 长英质脉体采样位置（图d的素描图）；f. 长英质脉体显微特征（正交偏光）。Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Mus—白云母；Bi—黑云母
Figure 10. The characteristics and locations of the samples for zircon U-Pb dating
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图 11 样品8.18Db12锆石阴极发光特征（a）；锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图（b、d）及加权平均年龄图（c、e）
Figure 11. CL images of sample 8.18Db12 (a)；LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams of sample 8.18Db12 (b, d) and weighted averages of sample 8.18Db12 (c, e)
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图 12 样品8.18Db1锆石阴极发光特征（a）、锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图（b）及加权平均年龄图（c）
Figure 12. CL images of sample 8.18Db1 (a)；LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams of sample 8.18Db1 (b) and weighted averages of sample 8.18Db1 (c)
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