Metallogenic material source of the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence in the western Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt: Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotopes of ore sulfides
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摘要:
切隆铜金矿点位于班公湖–怒江成矿带西段曲隆地区，矿体主要赋存于晚白垩世二长花岗岩与下拉组大理岩接触带，主要呈脉状、透镜状产出，矿区蚀变以夕卡岩化为主。该矿区稳定同位素研究尚属空白，一定程度上制约了对矿区成矿物质来源及矿床成因的认识。本文对矿石中的斑铜矿、蓝辉铜矿和黄铜矿进行了原位S同位素测试，探讨了切隆铜金矿点的成矿物质来源。结果显示：斑铜矿的δ34SV-CDT值为－0.29‰～2.15‰，均值为1.22‰；蓝辉铜矿的δ34SV-CDT值为－0.52‰～－0.47‰，均值为－0.50‰；黄铜矿的δ34SV-CDT值为0.22‰～1.67‰，均值为1.11‰，指示S同位素组成具有岩浆硫的特征。通过切隆铜金矿点与尕尔穷、嘎拉勒矿床的对比，本文认为切隆铜金矿点与尕尔穷、嘎拉勒矿床具有相似的围岩岩性条件，但其成矿物质源区存在一定的差异。切隆铜金矿点的成矿物质来源于深部岩浆，地层对成矿贡献不大，而尕尔穷、嘎拉勒矿床的成矿物质来源则具有深部岩浆和地层的混源特征。在该区域的后续找矿勘查工作中，要重点关注晚白垩世早期（90 Ma～80 Ma）中–酸性侵入岩发育地区以及侵入岩与地层中碳酸盐岩的接触部位是否存在夕卡岩型矿化。此外，还应重点查明切隆矿区隐伏岩体的侵位情况，以期探获斑岩型矿体。
Abstract:The Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence is located in the Qulong area of the western Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt. The ore bodies mainly occur in and near the contact zone between the Late Cretaceous monzogranite and marble of the Xiala Formation. The ore bodies occur mainly as vein and lens in shape. The alteration of the host rock is characterized mainly by skarn. Research on the stable isotopes of this mineralization area is lacking, which to some extent hinders further research on the sources of ore-forming materials and the genesis of the Qielong Cu-Au mineralization. This article conducted in-situ S isotope analysis on ore sulfides such as the bornites, digenites, and chalcopyrites, and explored the source of ore-forming materials in the Qielong Cu-Au mineralization occurrence. The results show that the δ34SV-CDT values of bornites range from －0.29‰ to 2.15‰, with an average of 1.22‰; the δ34SV-CDT values of digenites range from －0.52‰ to －0.47‰, with an average of －0.50‰; the δ34SV-CDT values of chalcopyrites range from 0.22‰ to 1.67‰, with an average of 1.11‰, indicating the S isotope compositions have the characteristics of magmatic sulfur. Based on comparative studies on S isotopes between Qielong and the coeval Gaerqiong and Galale deposits, this article suggests that the conditions of surrounding rock lithology of the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence are similar to those of the Gaerqiong and Galale deposits. However, there are certain differences in their ore-forming source regions. The ore-forming material of the Qielong Cu-Au mineralization area originates from deep magma, with little strata contributions to the ore-forming process; whereas, the ore-forming materials of the Gaerqiong and Galale deposits have mixed sources of deep magma and strata. In subsequent prospecting and exploration work in this area, attention should be focused on whether there is skarn-type mineralization in areas where intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks developed in the early Late Cretaceous (90 Ma～80 Ma) and at the contact parts between the intrusive rocks and carbonate rocks in the strata. Furthermore, the emplacement situation of the concealed rock mass in the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence should also be investigated with emphasis, in the hope of discovering and exploring porphyry-type ore bodies.
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图 1 青藏高原大地构造格架（a）和班公湖–怒江成矿带西段矿床分布图（b，据Gao et al.，2022修改）
图中的年龄数据来自黄瀚霄等，2013；Li et al.，2011，2016a，2016b；Li et al.，2017；Li et al.，2018；林彬等，2017；Lin et al.，2017；唐菊兴等，2016；王立强等，2017；Wang et al.，2018，2019；李志军等，2011；张志等，2017；韦少港等，2017；郑海涛等，2018；Gao et al.，2022，以及本项目组未发表数据
Figure 1. Sketch tectonic map of the Qingzang (Tibet) Plateau (a) and the distribution of ore deposits in western Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt (b，modified after Gao et al.，2022)
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图 3 切隆矿区地质简图（a）和PM04实测剖面图（b）
Figure 3. Simplified geological map of the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence (a) and PM04 measured profile map (b)
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图 4 切隆铜金矿点矿化蚀变特征
a. 裂隙较为发育的石榴子石；b. 呈放射状集合体形式产出的阳起石；c. 绿帘石−绿泥石脉体切穿石榴子石；d-f. 矿化沿二长花岗岩与下拉组大理岩接触带呈不规则透镜状产出；g. 黄铜矿被后期的磁铁矿交代成他形不规则状；h. 蓝辉铜矿沿黄铜矿边缘进行交代形成蓝辉铜矿环边；i. 斑铜矿呈他形结晶结构分布在石榴子石颗粒之间；j. 斑铜矿被蓝辉铜矿交代呈交代残余结构；k-l. 铜蓝沿蓝辉铜矿边缘进行交代形成铜蓝环边；m. 镜铁矿呈稠密浸染状分布于石榴子石夕卡岩带中；n. 斑铜矿呈稀疏浸染状分布于石榴子石夕卡岩带中；o-p. 黄铜矿、黄铁矿、辉铜矿、黝铜矿和孔雀石等呈团斑状分布于石榴子石颗粒之间。Grt—石榴子石；Act—阳起石；Chl—绿泥石；Epi—绿帘石；Cp—黄铜矿；Mt—磁铁矿；Dg—蓝辉铜矿；Bn—斑铜矿；Cv—铜蓝
Figure 4. Microscopic characteristics of mineralization and alteration in the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence
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图 5 切隆铜金矿点金属硫化物用于原位硫同位素测试的样品镜下特征及点位分布图
Bn—斑铜矿；Dg—蓝辉铜矿；Cp—黄铜矿；红圈处代表激光剥蚀位置
Figure 5. Microscopic characteristics and distribution map of metal sulfides in the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence for in-situ sulfur isotope testing
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图 6 切隆铜金矿点金属硫化物S同位素频率分布直方图
Figure 6. Histograms of S isotope frequency distribution of sulfides in ores from the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence
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图 7 切隆铜金矿点与尕尔穷–嘎拉勒矿集区S同位素组成分布对比图
Figure 7. Comparison of S isotope composition distributions between the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence and the Gaerqiong-Galale ore concentration area
表 1 切隆铜金矿点金属硫化物S同位素分析结果
Table 1 Results of S isotope analysis of metal sulfides in the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence
样品编号 矿物类型 δ34SV-CDT/‰ 样品编号 矿物类型 δ34SV-CDT/‰ QL-T21-1 斑铜矿 2.15 QL-T4-1 蓝辉铜矿 －0.47 QL-T21-2 2.13 QL-T4-2 －0.52 QL-T41-1 1.54 QL-T4-3 －0.52 QL-T41-2 1.58 QL-T41-3-1 黄铜矿 1.38 QL-T41-3-2 1.92 QL-T41-5 1.35 QL-T11-1 0.56 QL-T41-6-1 1.61 QL-T11-3 0.47 QL-T41-6-2 1.67 QL-T11-2 0.47 QL-T2-1-1 0.46 QL-T2-2 －0.29 QL-T2-1-2 0.22 QL-T41-4 1.68 
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表 2 切隆铜金矿点与尕尔穷–嘎拉勒矿集区地质特征对比
Table 2 Comparison of geological characteristics between the Qielong copper-gold mineralization occurrence and the Gaerqiong-Galale ore cluster area
矿床名称 切隆 尕尔穷 嘎拉勒 矿化类型 夕卡岩型 夕卡岩型 夕卡岩型 赋矿地层 下拉组（P2x）大理岩夹薄层
泥灰岩多爱组（K1d）大理岩、灰岩 捷嘎组（K1j）白云岩、
白云质大理岩成矿岩体 二长花岗岩 石英闪长岩 花岗闪长岩 围岩蚀变 夕卡岩化、大理岩化 夕卡岩化、大理岩化、
角岩化、硅化夕卡岩化、硅化、大理岩化 矿石矿物 黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、
蓝辉铜矿、孔雀石、铜蓝、
自然金黄铜矿、斑铜矿、自然金 自然金、黄铜矿 脉石矿物 石榴子石、阳起石、硅灰石、
绿帘石、绿泥石、石英石榴子石、透辉石、硅灰石、
石英、绿帘石镁橄榄石、透辉石、金云母、
蛇纹石、透闪石、石榴子石、
尖晶石、石英元素组合 Cu-Au Cu-Au Cu-Au 成矿时代 90 Ma 87 Ma 89 Ma 资料来源 项目组待发表数据 李志军等，2011 张志等，2017
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