Early Miocene uplift of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis: Constraints from U-Pb ages of zircon and rutile
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摘要:
对喜马拉雅东构造结地区岩石开展锆石和金红石U-Pb年代学研究，以揭示喜马拉雅东构造结早期隆升历史。两件角闪石岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(34.0±0.2) Ma和(31.4±0.4) Ma，相同两件样品的金红石U-Pb年龄分别为(23.8±0.9) Ma和(21.8±0.5) Ma。夕卡岩化石榴石大理岩中的金红石包裹体（寄主矿物为石榴子石）U-Pb年龄为(19.5±0.7) Ma。角闪石岩中的锆石和金红石均为岩浆成因，而金红石包裹体为变质成因。研究认为锆石年龄代表岩浆结晶或岩体侵位时间，而岩浆成因和变质成因金红石的年龄代表结晶后的隆升冷却时间。综合分析表明，雅鲁藏布江环绕的喜马拉雅东构造结核心区在早中新世23～19 Ma发生了明显的隆升，上新世5～3 Ma以来隆升加速。此外，推断喜马拉雅东构造结与喜马拉雅东、西构造结之间的中间段，在雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋闭合至早中新世期间具有一致的隆升历史。
Abstract:Zircon and rutile U-Pb chronology of rocks from the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (EHS) were carried out to reveal the early uplift history of the EHS. The zircon U-Pb ages of two hornblendite samples are (34.0±0.2) Ma and (31.4±0.4) Ma, respectively. The rutile U-Pb ages are (23.8±0.9) Ma and (21.8±0.5) Ma, respectively. The rutile inclusions in the skarn garnet marble (with garnet as the host mineral) yield a U-Pb age of (19.5±0.7) Ma. Both zircon and rutile in the hornblendite are of magmatic origin, while the rutile inclusions are of metamorphic origin. We interpret the zircon age to represent the time of magma crystallization. While the ages of magmatic and metamorphic rutile represent the time of uplift and cooling after intrusion and crystallization. Comprehensive analyses show that the core of the EHS, surrounded by the Yarlung Tsangpo River, underwent significant uplift in the Early Miocene from 23 Ma to 19 Ma, and the uplift has accelerated since the Pliocene, from 5 Ma to 3 Ma. In addition, it is inferred that the EHS and the central Himalaya share a concurrent uplift history during the closure of Neotethys Ocean and the Early Miocene.
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Keywords:
- eastern Himalayan syntaxis /
- uplift /
- zircon /
- rutile /
- U-Pb dating
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图 1 喜马拉雅造山带构造格架（a）和喜马拉雅东构造结（b）地质简图（据Xu et al.，2012修改）
Figure 1. Tectonic framework of the the Himalayan orogenic belt (a) and simplified map of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (b) (modified from Xu et al., 2012
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图 2 喜马拉雅东构造结地区夕卡岩化石榴石大理岩和角闪石岩照片
（a）雅鲁藏布江结合带内夕卡岩化石榴石大理岩；（b）夕卡岩化石榴石大理岩中的石榴子石；（c-d）侵入雅鲁藏布江结合带内的角闪石岩；（e-f）冈底斯岩浆弧带内的角闪石岩
Figure 2. Photographs of skarn garnet marble and hornblendite in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis
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图 3 侵入雅鲁藏布江结合带内的角闪石岩（PG005-17）显微照片（a）和冈底斯岩浆弧带内的角闪石岩（D0021）显微照片（b）
Hb—普通角闪石，Pl—斜长石
Figure 3. Microstructure of hornblendite (PG005-17) intruded into Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone (a) and microstructure of hornblendite (D0021) collected from Gangdese magmatic belt (b)
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图 4 样品21YGB01-1中石榴子石及其中金红石包裹体BSE图像（a）和金红石U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg图（b）
Figure 4. BSE image of garnet and rutile inclusion for sample 21YGB01-1 (a) and U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg plot of rutile (b)
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图 5 角闪石岩中锆石和金红石的结构及U-Pb年龄图
Figure 5. Textures and U-Pb age plots of zircon and rutile samples collected from hornblendite
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图 6 不同地质年代计的封闭温度（据Chiaradia et al.，2013，及其中文献）
Figure 6. Range of closure temperatures for various geochronometers (after Chiaradia et al.，2013 and references therein)
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图 7 喜马拉雅东构造结核心区隆升有关的年龄
数据来源于Burg et al.，1997; Burg et al.，1998; 龚俊峰等，2008; 雷永良等，2008; Seward and Burg，2008; 于祥江等，2011; Gong et al.，2015; Tu et al.，2015; 康文君等，2016; 涂继耀等，2021
Figure 7. Uplift-related ages of the core area of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis
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图 8 角闪石岩锆石稀土元素配分图
Figure 8. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams for zircons of hornblendite
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图 9 青藏高原地表高程变化历史（a）和本研究中锆石和金红石U-Pb年龄（b）
底图据Ding et al.，2022；本研究补充海相地层数据，据李国彪和万晓樵，2003；李祥辉，2000；Wang et al.，2002
Figure 9. History of surface elevation change across Qingzang Plateau (a) and U-Pb ages of zircon and rutile in this study (b)
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