Abstract: The Carboniferous-Permian source rocks are ubiquitous in the Songliao Basin. The depositional and burial history of the source rocks may be divided into three types:steadly deep burial, equilibrium burial and ephemeral shallow burial types. The geotemperatures of the source rocks went once again up to or exceed 90℃ during the late Early Cretaceous, resulting in the second stage of the oil and gas generation in the basin. During this period, the gas-generating intensity was greater than the oil-generating intensity. The valid source areas include the Nong'an district in the southeastern part and Heiyupao district in the northwestern part of the basin. This paper focuses on the modeling and reconstruction of the depositional and burial history, organic matter thermal evolutionary history and hydrocarbon generation history of the Carboniferous-Permian source rocks with the aid of basin simulation. The results in the study are believed to be important to the gas exploration in the deeper levels and the oil exploration in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata.