摘要:
作为一类常见的陆相沉积岩类型,风成砂岩产出于太古代到新生代的岩石记录中。风成砂沉积的形成与古气候、古环境密切相关,因而地质历史中的风成砂沉积是研究古气候和古地理环境的重要窗口。本文回顾了国内外风成砂沉积的研究进展,着重讨论了气候因素控制下风成砂沉积的成因及其形成过程。当前,国际研究注重风成沙丘形成过程的推理和模拟以及风成砂的沉积成岩过程,在风成沙丘形成过程、计算模拟、沉积保存的四维时空模型、风成相等方面取得了许多新认识。鉴于国际研究动态,国内需要在地层记录中鉴别和剖析风成砂的宏观和微观形态特征基础上,加强风成砂沉积动力学过程研究,增强对风成砂沉积(微)环境的理解和认识。
关键词:
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风成砂
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沉积特征
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古气候
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古环境
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形成过程
Abstract:
As a kind of widepread terrestrial sedimentary rocks, the aeolian sandstones are found to have deposited from the Archean to the present time. The formation of aeolian sandstones is interpreted to be closely related to the palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic conditions. Therefore, the study of the aeolian sandstones is of great significance for the understanding of the Earth's history. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the aeolian sandstones are summarized, and then the relationship between aeolian systems and palaeoclimatology and palaeoenvironments are explored in this review. At present, the studies of aeolian deposits are mostly concentrated on the aeolian dune architectures and depositional-diagenetic processes from aeolian dunes to aeolian sandstones, and numerous new achievements have been made in the aspects of genetic mechanisms of aeolian dunes, computer modelling, 4-D temporal and spatial modelling for the preservation of aeolian sandstones, aeolian facies models of dynamic dune and interdune accumulations. More attention in China should be paid to the genetic mechanisms, depositional processes, aeolian facies model, sedimentary environments, and aeolian stratigraphic-tectonic framework with the aid of high-resolution seismic, gravity and magnetic survey, well logs and laboratory techniques aiming at improving the understanding of aeolian deposition and recognition of microenvironments of aeolian sandstones deepening the palaeogeographic studies, and the exploration of petroleum and gas and water resources. Owing to the importance to palaeoclimatology and pelaeoenvironmental reconstruction, the study of aeolian sandstones will be full of opportunities in the future.
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