The distribution and risk assessment of geo-hazards in the border areas of Xizang
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摘要:
西藏边境地区地质灾害高发，对区内人民生命财产安全和经济建设造成严重威胁。本文搜集西藏21个边境县的地质灾害详细调查数据并进行统计分析，查明该区域共有
3224 处地质灾害点，包括崩塌768处、滑坡697处、泥石流1738 处、冰湖溃决型链式灾害21处。其中，大型及以上的崩塌99处、滑坡48处、泥石流23处。综合区域地貌、气候特征，将西藏边境区域分为东段（南迦巴瓦峰—错那）、中段（错那—普兰）及西段（普兰—日土）。本文系统研究总结各段的地质灾害分布规律与危害特征，结合地质灾害孕灾背景及诱发因素，选取高程、坡度、水系密度、工程岩组、断裂密度、年均降雨量及地震动峰值加速度7个影响因子，基于层析分析法和加权信息量法对西藏边境地质灾害进行危险性评价，识别出察隅县察隅曲、墨脱县雅鲁藏布江段、错那县娘姆江流域、洛扎县洛扎曲、亚东县麻曲、定结县朋曲、定日县绒辖曲、聂拉木县波曲及吉隆县吉隆藏布等9个流域为地质灾害高危险区。在此基础上，本文提出了边境地区建设中需关注建设场地地质安全评价、高陡斜坡蠕滑堵江、冰湖溃决、地震灾害及其长期后效应等四个关键问题，为西藏边境地区的宏观地质灾害风险管控提供依据。Abstract:A large number of geo-hazards pose a major threat to the economic growth of Xizang's border areas. This paper collects geo-hazards data from 21 border counties in Xizang, and statistics show that there are
3239 occurrences of geo-hazards in this area, including 768 collapses, 697 landslides, and1738 debris flows, among which there are 99 large or larger collapses, 48 landslides, and 23 debris flows. There are also 21 glacial lake outburst disasters. Based on the characteristics of landforms and climate, the border area is divided into the eastern section (Nanjiabawa Peak–Cuona), the middle section (Cuona–Pulan), and the western section (Pulan–Ritu). The researchers systematically studied the distribution patterns and hazard characteristics of geological hazards in these different sections. The chromatographic analysis method and the information quantity method are used to analyze the risk of geo-hazards in combination with the disaster-causing mechanisms and inducing factors of the geo-hazards in this region. The selected factors include altitude, slope, aspect, water system, stratum, annual average precipitation, and peak ground acceleration. Nine watersheds were identified as high-risk areas for geological hazards. Finally, this paper puts forward following suggestions: focusing on the evaluation of geological safety at construction sites, the disaster chain of landslides and blocking rivers, and the long-term effects of earthquakes, in order to provide a basis for the management and control of geo-hazards risk in the border areas of Xizang.-
Keywords:
- Xizang /
- border areas /
- geo-hazards /
- distribution /
- risk assessment
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图 1 西藏边境地区村镇密度与地质灾害分布图
Figure 1. Map of the density of villages and towns and the distribution of geological hazards in border areas of Xizang
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图 2 西藏边境地区分段及地质灾害分布特征
Figure 2. Segmentation and distribution characteristics of geological hazards in border areas of Xizang
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图 3 大型地质灾害链及冰湖溃决分布图
Figure 3. Distribution map of glacial lake outburst and large-scale geo-hazards in border areas of Xizang
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图 4 边境区域地质灾害危险性评价影响因子
Figure 4. Influence factors for evaluating the risk of geological hazards in border regions of Xizang
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1. 铁永波，高云建，张宪政，史安文，黄文洁，秦雅东，李宗亮，董磊，宁志杰. 西藏定日县M_s6.8级地震区地质灾害发育规律与减灾对策研究. 沉积与特提斯地质. 2025(01): 212-224 . 
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