The depositional environment and manganese mineralization mechanism of the ore-bearing rock series from the No. Ⅲ ore body of the early Cambrian Maojiashan manganese deposit, Longmenshan tectonic belt

WAN Pingyi; CHENG Wenbin; CAI Jimin; WU Chunzhang; CHEN Hao; LANG Xinghai; WANG Chuan; YE Xiaochun; PENG Jianhua; LIU Qingqiang

doi:10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2024.12010

Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology > 2025 > 45(1): 134-151. > DOI: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2024.12010

WAN P Y，CHENG W B，CAI J M，et al.，2025. The depositional environment and manganese mineralization mechanism of the ore-bearing rock series from the No. Ⅲ ore body of the early Cambrian Maojiashan manganese deposit, Longmenshan tectonic belt[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology，45(1)：134−151. DOI: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2024.12010

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The depositional environment and manganese mineralization mechanism of the ore-bearing rock series from the No. Ⅲ ore body of the early Cambrian Maojiashan manganese deposit, Longmenshan tectonic belt

1.
The 5th Geological Brigade of Sichuan, Chengdu 610081, China
2.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

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Received Date: October 12, 2024
Revised Date: December 11, 2024
Accepted Date: December 29, 2024

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Abstract

Abstract

Addressing the scientific question of the unclear mechanism of manganese enrichment and precipitation in the early Cambrian manganese deposits of the Longmenshan tectonic belt, this paper focuses on the No. Ⅲ ore body of the Maojiashan manganese deposit in this belt as the research object. Based on detailed field geological surveys and thin-section identification, a systematic total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental geochemical test was conducted to preliminarily explore the source of manganese, depositional environment, and enrichment mechanism. The study shows: (1) The ore-bearing rock series from the No. Ⅲ ore body of the Maojiashan manganese deposit belongs to the fifth member of the lower Cambrian Qiujiahe Formation, primarily composed of manganese ore layers (No. Ⅲ manganese ore body), pyrite layers, manganese-bearing siliceous dolostone, carbonaceous mudstone, siliceous rock, and dolostone. The manganese ore layer is composed of centimeter- to millimeter-scale multi-cycle manganese-rich sulfide layers and manganese-rich carbonate layers. The main ore minerals are alabandite and kutnahorite, and the main gangue minerals are pyrite framboids and quartz, with a small amount of organic matter. (2) The CIA value of the ore-bearing rock series mainly ranges from 65 to 85, indicating moderate continental weathering conditions, favorable for the migration of terrigenous manganese. However, there is a negative correlation between Al₂O₃ and MnO, suggesting that continental weathering is likely not the main source of manganese. In the (Cu+Co+Ni)×10–Fe–Mn, (Zr+Y+Ce)×100–(Cu+Ni)×15–(Fe+Mn)/4, Ce/Ce^*vs. (Y/Ho)_PAAS, Ce/Ce^* vs. Nd, and Fe/Ti vs. Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) discriminant diagrams, the data pertaining to rocks and ores of the ore-bearing rock series are mainly plotted on the hydrothermal origin area or the aqueous-hydrothermal mixed area, indicating that manganese is likely derived from submarine hydrothermal input. (3) The size of pyrite framboids, as well as redox indicators such as the EF_Mo/EF_U ratio, V/Cr ratio, and V/(V+Ni) ratio, indicate that the ore-bearing rock series formed in a bottom water environment with fluctuating suboxic-anoxic-sulfidic conditions; paleoceanic productivity indicators P and Cd indicate high paleoproductivity; TOC vs. Mo and Mo vs. Cd diagrams show that the ore-bearing rock series mainly formed in a weakly restricted upwelling environment. (4) The mechanism of manganese enrichment and precipitation is likely controlled by microbial-induced mineralization and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR).
- Maojiashan manganese deposit,
- early Cambrian,
- source of ore-forming minerals,
- sedimentary environment,
- precipitation mechanism

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