| Citation: |
HUO Q Z，XU L，BAI Y L，et al.，2025. Study on paleoclimatic, paleoceanic, and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Triassic basin in the northern belt of the South Qinling[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology，45(1)：14−30. DOI: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2024.09003
|
On the basis of field geological investigations, the sedimentary facies of outcrops were studied, and sedimentary facies types were classified based on the results of particle size analysis. Additionally, through major and trace element analyses of sandstone samples, and C-O isotope analysis of carbonate rocks, the process of paleoclimatic, paleoceanic, and paleoenvironmental evolution in the Triassic basin was discussed. The results show that: (1) From bottom to top, the Triassic strata in the study area consist of open platform carbonate rocks of the Lower Triassic Zhalishan Formation and Malasongduo Formation in the southern part of the basin, semi-deep sea slope facies of the Longwuhe Formation, shallow marine shelf facies of the Middle Triassic Guojiashan Formation, semi-deep sea shelf slope facies of the Guanggaishan Formation, and shallow marine shelf facies of the Upper Triassic Daheba Formation; (2) Values of the chemical index of alteration (CIA), index of compositional variability (ICV) , and the relationship between Rb/Sr and K2O/Al2O3 ratios in sandstone samples indicate that the Triassic period in the study area experienced two major paleoclimatic shifts: from warm and humid to semi-arid and arid conditions, which caused changes in the paleobasin's water depth, fluctuating from deeper to shallower stages, and influenced the salinity of the water. The precipitation brought by the warm and humid climate greatly reduced the salinity of seawater, while the hot semi-arid and arid climate greatly increased the salinity of seawater. (3) The paleowater body developed in the Triassic sandstone in the study area presents a weakly oxidizing environment, which is conducive to the development and flourishing of aquatic organisms. This environment provided a basis for the formation of sedimentary organic matter, though it was not ideal for the preservation of sedimentary organic matter due to the oxidizing conditions.
| [1] |
Algeo T J,Tribovillard N,2009. Environmental analysis of paleoceano graphic systems based on molybdenum- uranium covariation[J]. Chemical Geology,268:211 − 225. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.001
|
| [2] |
Anne G,Bruno S,David J W,et al.,2004. Present morphology and depositional architecture of a sandy confined submarine system: the Golo turbidite system (eastern margin of Corsica)[J]. Geological Society,London,Special Publications,222(1):59 − 89. DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.222.01.05
|
| [3] |
Beckmann B,Flögel S,Hofmann P,et al.,2005. Orbital forcing of Cretaceous river discharge in tropical Africa and ocean response[J]. Nature,437:241 − 244. DOI: 10.1038/nature03976
|
| [4] |
Bouma A H,2000. Coarse-grained and fine-grained turbidite systems as end member models:Applicability and dangers[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2(1):137 − 143.
|
| [5] |
Cox R,Lowe D R,Cullers R L,1995. The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,59:2919 − 2940. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00185-9
|
| [6] |
Fedo C M,Nesbitt H W,Young G M,1995. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J]. Geology,23:921 − 924.
|
| [7] |
Fedo C M,Young G M,Besbitt H W,1997. Paleoclimatic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Formation,Huronian Supergroup,Canada: A greenhouse to icehouse transition[J]. Precambrian Research,86:210 − 223.
|
| [8] |
冯兴雷,付修根,谭富文,等,2018. 羌塘盆地沃若山地区上三叠统土门格拉组烃源岩沉积环境分析[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,38(2):3 − 13.
Feng X L,Fu X G,Tan F W,et al.,2018. Sedimentary environments of the Upper Triassic Tumengela Formation in the Woruo Mountain area in the Qiangtang Basin,Xizang[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,38(2):3 − 13 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [9] |
冯益民,曹宣铎,张二朋,等,2003. 西秦岭造山带的演化、构造格局和性质[J]. 西北地质,36(1):1 − 10.
Feng Y M,Cao X D,Zhang E P,et al.,2003. Tectonic evolution framework and nature of the west Qinling orogenic belt[J]. Northwestern Geology,36(1):1 − 10 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [10] |
韩学坤,2020. 西秦岭三叠纪盆地的沉积环境及盆地演化研究[J]. 世界有色金属(6):269 − 270.
Han X K,2020. Sedimentary environment and basin evolution of Triassic Basin in West Qinling[J]. World Nonferrous Metals(6):269 − 270 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [11] |
韩永红,王海红,陈志华,等,2007. 耿湾—史家湾地区长6段微量元素地球化学特征及古盐度分析[J]. 岩性油气藏,19(4):20 − 26.
Han Y H,Wang H H,Chen Z H,et al.,2007. Paleosalinity analysis and trace element geochemistry of Chang 6 member in Gengwan-Shijiawan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,19(4):20 − 26 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [12] |
何海清,1996. 西秦岭早三叠世沉积特征及其构造控制作用[J]. 沉积学报,14(1):86 − 92.
He H Q,1996. Early Triassic sediments and their tectonic controlling factors,Western Qinling[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,14(1):86 − 92 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [13] |
Hieronymus B,Kotschoubey B,Boulegue J,2001. Gallium behavior in some contrasting lateritic profiles from Cameroon and Brazil[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,72:147 − 163. DOI: 10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00160-1
|
| [14] |
黄擎宇,张哨楠,孟祥豪,等,2014. 塔里木盆地中央隆起区寒武奥陶系白云岩结构特征及成因探讨[J]. 沉积学报,2014,32(3):537 − 549.
Huang Q Y,Zhang S N,Meng X H,et al.,2014. Textural types and origin of the Cambrian–Ordovician dolomite in the Central Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(3):537 − 549 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [15] |
Jones B,Manning D A C,1994. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J]. Chemical Geology,111(1 − 4):111 − 129. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90085-X
|
| [16] |
江新胜,潘桂棠,颜仰基,等,1996. 秦、祁、昆交接区三叠纪沉积相格架及构造古地理演化[J]. 四川地质学报,16(3):204 − 208.
Jiang X S,Pan G T,Yan Y J,et al.,1996. Triassic sedimentary framework and tectopaleogeographic evolution of the juncture of the Qinling,Qilian and Kunlun orogenic belts[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,16(3):204 − 208 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [17] |
晋慧娟,李育慈,2001. 西秦岭造山带中三叠统复理石相研究[J]. 沉积学报,19(3):321 − 326.
Jin H J,Li Y C,2001. A study on Middle Triassic flysch facies in west Qinling orogenic belt[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,19(3):321 − 326 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [18] |
Kiminami K,Fujii K,2007. The relationship between major element concentrations within sandstones from four turbidite sequences in Japan[J]. Sedimentary Geology,195:203 − 215. DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.08.002
|
| [19] |
Korsch R J,Roser B P,Kamprad,1993. Geochemical, petrographic and grain-size variations within single turbidite beds[J]. Sedimentary Geology,83:15 − 35. DOI: 10.1016/0037-0738(93)90180-D
|
| [20] |
赖旭龙,殷鸿福,杨逢清,1992. 秦岭三叠纪古海盆的生态地层、生物古地理特征及其演化[J]. 地球科学,17(3):345 − 352.
Lai X L,Yin H F,Yang F Q,1992. The character and evolution of ecostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Triassic Qinling basin[J]. Earth Science,17(3):345 − 352 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [21] |
李永军,1990. 西秦岭岷江流域三叠系的划分[J]. 中国区域地质,(2):126 − 131.
Li Y J,1990. The stratigraphic division of the Triassic in the Minjang river valley in the western Qinling mountains[J]. Regional Geology of China(2):126 − 131 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [22] |
李永军,赵仁夫,刘志武,等,2003. 西秦岭三叠纪沉积盆地演化[J]. 中国地质,30(3):268 − 273.
Li Y J,Zhao R F,Liu Z W,et al.,2003. Triassic sedimentation and basin evolution in the western Qinling[J]. Geology in China,30(3):268 − 273 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [23] |
Nesbitt H W,Young G M,1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature,299:715 − 717.
|
| [24] |
Potter P E,Maynard J B,Depetis P J,2005. Mud and Mudstones,Introduction and Overview[M]. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer:157 − 174.
|
| [25] |
Ratcliffe K T,Wright A M,Montgomery P,et al.,2010. Application of chemostratigraphy to the Mungaroo Formation,the Gorgon Field,offshore Northwest Australia[J]. Australian Petroleum Producaion and Exploratin Association Journal,50(1): 371 − 388.
|
| [26] |
Sciscio L,Bordy E M,2016. Palaeoclimatic conditions in the Late assessment of the Elliot Formation[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences,119:102 − 119. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.03.014
|
| [27] |
沈松平,1992. 西秦岭南亚带三叠纪地层研究[J]. 四川地质学报,13(1):66 − 68.
Shen S P,1992. The Triassic of the southern sub-belt of west Qinling[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,13(1):66 − 68 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [28] |
Suttner L J,Dutta P K,1986. Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate,I. Framework mineralogy[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,56:329 − 345.
|
| [29] |
童金南,楚道亮,缪雪,等,2021. 中国三叠纪岩石地层划分和对比[J]. 地层学杂志,45(3):340 − 363.
Tong J N,Chu D L,Miao X,et al.,2021. Lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Triassic in China[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,45(3):340 − 363 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [30] |
万友利,王剑,付修根,等,2018. 羌塘盆地南部古油藏带布曲组白云岩地球化学特征及成因机制[J]. 成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,45(2):129 − 141.
Wan Y L,Wang J,Fu X G,et al.,2018. The geochemical characteristics and mechanism of dolomite in the paleo-reservoir of Buqu Formation,south Qiangtang Basin,Tibet,China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),45(2):129 − 141 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [31] |
殷鸿福,赖旭龙,1991. 秦岭三叠纪岩相古地理特征[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报(4):246 − 247.
Yin H F,Lai X L,1991. Palaeogeographical characteristics of Triassic lithofacies in Qinling[J]. Bulletin of mineralogy,petrology and geochemistry(4):246 − 247 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [32] |
殷鸿福, 杨逢清, 黄其胜, 等, 1992. 秦岭及邻区三叠系[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社.
Yin H F,Yang F Q,Huang Q S,et al.,1992. Triassic system of Qinling and adjacent areas[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press.
|
| [33] |
赵江天,杨逢清,1991. 甘肃合作地区早、中三叠世盆地−斜坡沉积环境分析[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,11(5):27 − 34.
Zhao J T,Yang F Q,1991. Early and Middle Triassic basin-slope environments in the Hezuo region,Gansu[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,11(5):27 − 34 (in Chinese with English abstract).
|
| [34] |
殷鸿福,杨逢清,黄其胜,等,1992. 秦岭及邻区三叠系[M]. 武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
Zhao J T, Yang F Q, 1991. Early and Middle Triassic basin-slope environments in the Hezuo region, Gansu[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 11（5）: 27 − 34.
|
| [1] | LIU Wei-ming, SUN Guo-qiang, GUO Jia-jia, WANG Mu, He Xiang, Sha Peng, Li Hao. Provenance analysis of the Palaeogene clastic rocks in the western part of northern Qaidam Basin[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2018, 38(1): 53-61. |
| [2] | WANG Zheng-jiang, GUO Ting-ting, YU Sai-ying, CHENG Yan-xun, ZHANG Chun-bo, ZHANG Yu-dong. Geochemistry and provenance analysis of the Daheishan bauxite deposit in Huize, Yunnan[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2016, 36(1): 23-29. |
| [3] | DONG Chen-qiang. Provenance analysis of the Jurassic Badaowan Formation in the Chunhui Oil Field, Junggar Basin[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2014, 34(2): 60-64. |
| [4] | HE Pei, LI Yong, FENG Jing-quan, YAN Zhao-kun, HAN Bing, QIU Dong-zhou, XIAO Dun-qing, ZHANG Wen-bo. Provenance analysis of the second member of the Kongdian Formation in the Huanghua depression[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2011, 31(3): 51-57. |
| [5] | CHEN Rong, Wang Feng, Tian Jingchun. Provenance analysis and reservoirs characteristics of the clastic rocks from the Yangchang Formation in west-central Ordos Basin[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2009, 29(1): 21-26. |
| [6] | HE Zhong-hua, WANG Yu-fen, HOU Wei. Geochemistry and provenance analysis of the Middle Jurassic sandstones in the Mohe Basin,Heilongjiang[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2008, 28(4): 93-100. |
| [7] | WEN Quan-bo, LIU Yong-jiang, LI Jun-jie, BAI Jing-zhe, SUN Xiao-meng, ZHAO Ying-li, HAN Guo-qing. Provenance analysis and tectonic implications for the Cretaceous sandstones in the Jixi and Boli Basins,Heilongjiang[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2008, 28(3): 52-59. |
| [8] | XU Zhen-zhong, CHEN Shi-yue, YAO Jun, WANG Yong-shi. Provenance and depositional systems of the Mesozoic deposits in the Jiyang depression[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2008, 28(2): 83-88. |
| [9] | LI Xiao-yu, ZHENG Rong-cai, WEI Qinlian. Provenance analysis of the Palaeogene strata in the Huizhou depression, Zhujiangkou Basin, Guangdong[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2007, 27(4): 33-38. |
| [10] | LI Guo-sheng, YANG Rui, ZHANG Hong-rui. Geochemistry and provenance of the PC5222 drill cores from the mid-Pacific Ocean[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2007, 27(2): 26-36. |
Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd. 
DownLoad: